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1.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.) ; 69(4): e20221394, 2023. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1431246

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: COVID-19 has brought emerging public health emergency and new challenges. It configures a complex panorama that has been requiring a set of coordinated actions and has innovation as one of its pillars. In particular, the use of digital tools plays an important role. In this context, this study presents a screening algorithm that uses a machine learning model to assess the probability of a diagnosis of COVID-19 based on clinical data. METHODS: This algorithm was made available for free on an online platform. The project was developed in three phases. First, an machine learning risk model was developed. Second, a system was developed that would allow the user to enter patient data. Finally, this platform was used in teleconsultations carried out during the pandemic period. RESULTS: The number of accesses during the period was 4,722. A total of 126 assistances were carried out from March 23, 2020, to June 16, 2020, and 107 satisfaction survey returns were received. The response rate to the questionnaires was 84.92%, and the ratings obtained regarding the satisfaction level were higher than 4.8 (on a 0-5 scale). The Net Promoter Score was 94.4. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first online application of its kind that presents a probabilistic assessment of COVID-19 using machine learning models exclusively based on the symptoms and clinical characteristics of users. The level of satisfaction was high. The integration of machine learning tools in telemedicine practice has great potential.

3.
Radiol. bras ; 54(1): 1-8, Jan.-Feb. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1155230

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To define diagnostic criteria for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on computed tomography (CT); to study the correlation between CT and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; and to determine whether the extent of parenchymal involvement and the need for mechanical ventilation are associated with the CT findings and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 155 patients with COVID-19 treated between March and May 2020. We attempted to determine whether the CT findings correlated with age and clinical variables, as well as whether the need for mechanical ventilation correlated with the extent of the pulmonary involvement. Results: On average, the patients with COVID-19 were older than were those without (mean age, 54.8 years vs. 45.5 years; p = 0.031). The most common CT finding (seen in 88.6%) was ground-glass opacity, which correlated significantly with a diagnosis of COVID-19 (p = 0.0001). The CT findings that correlated most strongly with the need for mechanical ventilation were parenchymal bands (p = 0.013), bronchial ectasia (p = 0.046), and peribronchovascular consolidations (p = 0.012). The presence of one or more comorbidities correlated significantly with more extensive parenchymal involvement (p = 0.023). For the diagnosis of COVID-19, CT had a sensitivity of 84.3%, a specificity of 36.7%, and an accuracy of 73.5% (p = 0.012 vs. PCR). Conclusion: The patterns of CT findings are useful for the diagnosis of COVID-19 and the evaluation of disease severity criteria. The presence of any comorbidity is associated with greater severity of COVID-19.


Resumo Objetivo: Definir os critérios diagnósticos da COVID-19 na tomografia computadorizada (TC), estudar a concordância entre a TC e o PCR e determinar a associação da extensão do envolvimento parenquimatoso e ventilação mecânica com os achados tomográficos e características clínicas da amostra. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo de 155 pacientes com COVID-19 atendidos entre março e maio de 2020. Tentamos determinar se os achados da TC se correlacionavam com a idade e variáveis clínicas, bem como se a necessidade de ventilação mecânica se correlacionava com a extensão do envolvimento pulmonar. Resultados: A faixa etária dos pacientes com COVID-19 (54,8 anos) foi maior do que a dos pacientes sem a doença (45,5 anos) (p = 0,031). Opacidades em vidro fosco foram as alterações mais frequentes (88,6%; p = 0,0001). Bandas parenquimatosas (p = 0,013), ectasia brônquica (p = 0,046) e consolidações peribroncovasculares (p = 0,012) foram mais frequentes nos pacientes que necessitaram de ventilação mecânica. Pacientes com comorbidades apresentaram envolvimento parenquimatoso mais extenso (p = 0,023). A TC apresentou sensibilidade de 84,3%, especificidade de 36,7% e acurácia de 73,5% (p = 0,012). Conclusão: Os padrões de TC são úteis para o diagnóstico de COVID-19 e avaliação dos critérios de gravidade da doença. Pacientes com comorbidades estão associados a condições clínicas mais graves.

4.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 32(2): 158-162, mar.-abr. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-988220

ABSTRACT

Background: Telecardiology may be a useful support in diagnosis and management of chest pain. Objective: Evaluate the application of telecardiology to support the differential diagnosis of chest pain in patients admitted to Emergency Care Units. Method: Observational, retrospective and documental study of 5,816 patients admitted with supposedly cardiological chest pain in twenty two Emergency Care Units in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Data were tabulated and analyzed by Excel® software, using simple descriptive statistics, from the database of the Cardiology Consultancy Nucleus. Results: Diagnostic disagreement was found in 1,593 (27.39%) cases. Of these, 1,477 (92.72%) were diagnosed locally as non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (non-STEMI), 74 (4.64%) as acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation (STEMI), 40 (2.52%) as acute pulmonary edema (APE) and 2 (0.12%) as tachyarrhythmia. Intensive care referral was requested to 100% of these patients. After telecardiology, the diagnoses were: 385 (24.17%) unstable angina, 289 (18.14%) congestive heart failure, 212 (13.31%) APE, 174 (10.92%) STEMI, 152 (9.54%) hypertensive emergency, 113 (7.09%) acute chronic renal failure, 89 (5.59%) non-STEMI, 89 (5.59%) pneumonia, 39 (2.45%) sepsis, 26 (1.63 %) myopericarditis, 20 (1.26%) tachyarrhythmia and 5 (0.31%) orovalvar disease. The outcome after telecardiology was 1,178 discharges (73.94%), 338 (21.21%) referrals, 62 (3.90%) deaths and 15 (0.95%) unknown. Conclusion: Telecardiology was effective in chest pain diagnosis and management, optimizing hospital admission in the public health system


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Chest Pain/diagnostic imaging , Telemedicine/methods , Emergency Medical Services , Cardiovascular Diseases , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Age Factors , Diagnosis, Differential , Electrocardiography/methods , Observational Study , Public Health Systems Research/methods , Myocardial Infarction
5.
Radiol. bras ; 51(5): 293-296, Sept.-Oct. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-976721

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To evaluate, using ultrasound, the distribution of abdominal fat in obese prepubertal children, as well as its possible correlation with metabolic changes due to obesity. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of prepubescent children: 77 obese children (33 girls and 44 boys), with a mean age of 7.31 years; and 31 normal-weight children (17 girls and 14 boys), with a mean age of 7.32 years. In all of the children, abdominal wall thickness (AWT) and abdominal fat thickness (AFT) were measured by ultrasound. For the evaluation of the associated metabolic alterations, serum levels of glycemia, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin were determined. Results: The obese children presented with greater abdominal fat, predominantly greater AWT, without a significant gender-related difference in AWT or AFT. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) showed a significant direct correlation with AWT and AFT. Conclusion: In obese prepubertal children, the AWT, as measured by ultrasound, was shown to be more closely related to the HOMA-IR than to the lipid metabolism or glycemia.


Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar, em crianças pré-púberes obesas, a distribuição da gordura no abdome por meio da ultrassonografia e sua possível correlação com as alterações metabólicas decorrentes da obesidade. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal em crianças pré-púberes, sendo 77 obesas (33 meninas e 44 meninos) com média de idade de 7,31 anos e 31 eutróficas (17 meninas e 14 meninos) com média de idade de 7,32 anos. Em todas as crianças foram medidas a espessura da parede abdominal (EPA) e a espessura da gordura intra-abdominal (EIA), pela ultrassonografia. Para a avaliação das alterações metabólicas associadas, foi realizada dosagem sérica de glicemia, HDL-colesterol, triglicerídeos e insulina. Resultados: Observou-se que as crianças obesas apresentaram aumento da gordura abdominal, com predomínio da EPA e sem diferença significativa da EIA e a EPA em relação ao gênero. Foi encontrada associação direta estatisticamente significante entre o índice homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) e EPA e EIA. Conclusão: A EPA em pré-púberes obesos, medida pela ultrassonografia, demonstrou ter maior relação com o HOMA-IR, determinante de resistência insulínica, em relação ao metabolismo lipídico e à glicemia.

6.
Radiol. bras ; 47(2): IX-IX, Mar-Apr/2014.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-710031
7.
Radiol. bras ; 46(2): xi-xi, mar.-abr. 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-673346
8.
Radiol. bras ; 45(5): 263-266, set.-out. 2012. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-653651

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether breastfeeding influence the cerebral blood-flow velocity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study included 256 healthy term neonates, all of them with appropriate weight for gestational age, 50.8% being female. Pulsatility index, resistance index and mean velocity were measured during breastfeeding or resting in the anterior cerebral artery, in the left middle cerebral artery, and in the right middle cerebral artery of the neonates between their first 10 and 48 hours of life. The data were analyzed by means of a paired t-test, Brieger's f-test for analysis of variance and linear regression, with p < 0.01 being accepted as statistically significant. RESULTS: Mean resistance index decreased as the mean velocity increased significantly during breastfeeding. Pulsatility index values decreased as much as the resistance index, but in the right middle cerebral artery it was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Breastfeeding influences the cerebral blood flow velocities.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Breast Feeding , Cerebrum , Regional Blood Flow , Suction , Ultrasonography, Doppler
9.
Radiol. bras ; 44(4): 233-237, jul.-ago. 2011. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-598550

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Propor um método reprodutível, de fácil utilização e de baixo custo para a digitalização de filmes radiográficos de todos os tamanhos padrões, concentrando nossos esforços em filmes radiográficos de tórax. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: O objetivo de baixo custo ditou o uso de um escâner A4 com adaptador de transparência, bem como um software de costura de imagens otimizado, que tira proveito da geometria do escâner e área de captura constante, bem como o conhecimento das dimensões dos filmes radiográficos padrões. RESULTADOS: O resultado final do método proposto é uma imagem de alta resolução com bom contraste e sem artefatos de costura perceptíveis. CONCLUSÃO: O método de digitalização proposto usando um escâner A4 possibilita reprodutibilidade, excelente qualidade de imagem e alto grau de certeza na identificação de lesões.


OBJECTIVE: To propose a reproducible, user friendly and low cost method for digitization of radiographic films of all the standard sizes, focusing efforts on chest X-ray films. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The focus on low cost have dictated the use of an A4 scanner with transparency adapter, as well as an optimized image stitching software that takes advantage of the scanner geometry and constant capture area, besides the knowledge of the standard X-ray film sizes. RESULTS: The end result of the proposed method is a high resolution image with good contrast and no perceptible stitching artifacts. CONCLUSION: The proposed digitization method with an A4 scanner allows reproducibility, excellent image quality and high degree of certainty in the identification of lesions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Radiographic Image Enhancement , Radiography, Thoracic , Radiology Information Systems , Teleradiology , X-Ray Film
10.
Clinics ; 66(10): 1811-1816, 2011. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-601918

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: A low ratio of omega-6/omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with healthy bone properties. However, fatty diets can induce obesity. Our objective was to evaluate intra-abdominal adiposity, insulin, and bone growth in rats fed a high-fat diet containing low ratios of omega-6/omega-3 provided in canola oil. METHODS: After weaning, rats were grouped and fed either a control diet (7S), a high-fat diet containing soybean oil (19S) or a high-fat diet of canola oil (19C) until they were 60 days old. Differences were considered to be significant if p<0.05. RESULTS: After 60 days, the 19S and 19C groups showed more energy intake, body density growth and intraabdominal fat mass. However, the 19S group had a higher area (200 percent) and a lower number (44 percent) of adipocytes, while the 7S and 19C groups did not differ. The serum concentrations of glucose and insulin and the insulin resistance index were significantly increased in the 19C group (15 percent, 56 percent, and 78 percent, respectively) compared to the 7S group. Bone measurements of the 19S and 19C groups showed a higher femur mass (25 percent) and a higher lumbar vertebrae mass (11 percent) and length (5 percent). Computed tomography analysis revealed more radiodensity in the proximal femoral epiphysis and lumbar vertebrae of 19C group compared to the 7S and 19S groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the amount and source of fat used in the diet after weaning increase body growth and fat depots and affect insulin resistance and, consequently, bone health.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Bone Density , Bone and Bones/physiology , Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects , Growth/physiology , Insulin/blood , Intra-Abdominal Fat/physiology , Adiposity/physiology , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Bone and Bones , Energy Intake/physiology , Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/adverse effects , Insulin Resistance/physiology , Intra-Abdominal Fat/metabolism , Rats, Wistar , Soybean Oil/adverse effects , Time Factors , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
11.
Rev. imagem ; 32(3/4): 67-70, jul.-dez. 2010. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-613161

ABSTRACT

Hipomelanose de Ito é uma síndrome neurocutânea rara, ligada ao cromossomo X, de caráter dominante, caracterizada por manchas hipopigmentadas seguindo as linhas de Blaschko, dispostasem espirais e estrias, que estão presentes ao nascimento ou surgem nos primeiros meses de vida.O envolvimento cerebral é frequente e representado por retardo mental e convulsões. Anormalidadesmusculoesqueléticas, dentárias, cardíacas, gastrintestinais ou urinárias podem estar presentes.A avaliação por imagem é normal em até 25% dos casos, porém o alargamento dos espaçosperivasculares, dentre outras apresentações de imagem, pode estar presente. Assim sendo, o diagnóstico diferencial com patologias tumorais e não-tumorais deve ser estabelecido.


Hypomelanosis of Ito is a rare neurocutaneous syndrome, X-linked,dominant, characterized by hypopigmented lesions of skin alongthe Blaschko lines. Skin lesions usually are present at birth orappear early in life. The cerebral involvement is frequent and represented by mental retardation and seizures. Skeletal Muscleabnormalities, dental, cardiac, gastrointestinal or urinary may bepresent. The imaging evaluation is normal up to 25% of the casesbut the enlargement of perivascular spaces, among other imagespresentations, may be present, thus the differential diagnosis oftumor and non-tumor, should be established.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Diagnosis, Differential , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Pigmentation Disorders/diagnosis
12.
Rev. bras. educ. espec ; 16(3): 415-428, set.-dez. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-574768

ABSTRACT

A educação infantil é importante para o desenvolvimento da criança com necessidades especiais. Nesse processo educacional, o professor e sua percepção de educação inclusiva são fatores primordiais. Este trabalho objetivou analisar a percepção de professores de educação infantil, que quanto à prática educativa atual, diferem em relação à presença de alunos com deficiências em seus ambientes de trabalho, sobre a educação da criança com deficiência na faixa etária de 3 a 6 anos. Foram sujeitos da pesquisa 12 professores de educação infantil divididos eqüitativamente em três grupos: de escolas especiais; de escolas comuns que trabalham com crianças com deficiências inseridas em suas classes e de escolas comuns que não possuem em suas classes crianças com deficiências. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, gravadas em fita cassete. Foi realizada análise de conteúdo e os dados mostraram que os professores vêem como a principal contribuição do processo de inclusão a socialização da criança com deficiências, restringindo-o, porém, a crianças com possibilidades de independência. Quanto à aprendizagem, acreditam que a criança com deficiência mental é a que encontra maiores dificuldades, contrariamente à com deficiência física. Ressaltam problemas com o espaço físico, recursos materiais e humanos e relativos à formação do professor. Pôde se concluir que é preciso possibilitar aos professores uma formação que abranja conhecimentos sobre as diferentes deficiências e as necessidades educacionais relativas a estas, propiciar a adequação do espaço físico e dos recursos materiais, além de assistência técnica específica.


Early childhood education is important for the development of children with special needs. The teacher and his/her perception of inclusive education are essential factors throughout such educational processes. The present study aimed to analyze early childhood teacher's perception of the education of children with disabilities aged three and six years. Their perception of current educational practices is different due to the presence of special needs children in their working environment. Twelve childhood education teachers participated in this study and were equally divided into three groups: those from special schools; those from ordinary schools, who work with children with disabilities and those from ordinary schools who don't have children with disabilities in the classroom. The data were collected using tape recorded semi-structured interviews. Content analysis was performed. The data indicated that the teachers see the disabled children's socialization as the main contribution of the inclusive process, however, they deemed that inclusion should be restricted to children with possibilities of independence. As to the learning process, they expressed that children with intellectual disabilities had more difficulty than the ones with physical disability. Problems regarding physical space, material and human resources as well as teacher education were pointed out. It was concluded that the teachers need preparation not only regarding the understanding of various disabilities and the educational needs related to them but also about adequate physical space, material resources and specific technical assistance.

13.
Radiol. bras ; 43(3): 149-153, maio-jun. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-552304

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Descrever e comparar os métodos de imagem e os aspectos clínicos em quatro recém-natos a termo diagnosticados como trombose venosa cerebral, sem dano encefálico, adscritos a uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Revisão em 10 anos com quatro casos diagnosticados como trombose venosa cerebral por meio de ultrassonografia transfontanela com Doppler e confirmados por ressonância magnética/angiorressonância, correlacionados aos aspectos clínicos e evolução neurológica. RESULTADOS: A ultrassonografia foi normal em 75 por cento dos casos e a ressonância magnética, em 100 por cento. No caso alterado, a dilatação venosa foi identificada. O Doppler e a angiorressonância estavam alterados em 100 por cento dos casos. Dos aspectos clínicos, a hipóxia (100 por cento) e a convulsão precoce (100 por cento) predominaram, com potencial evocado alterado em 50 por cento dos casos. Na avaliação do neurodesenvolvimento, todas as áreas estiveram dentro da normalidade até a última avaliação. CONCLUSÃO: A ultrassonografia associada ao Doppler é capaz de identificar as alterações da trombose venosa cerebral, devendo ser complementada com a ressonância magnética, que é o padrão ouro de diagnóstico.


OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare imaging methods and clinical findings of cerebral venous thrombosis in four full-term neonates without brain damage, admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten-year review of four cases diagnosed with cerebral venous thrombosis by transfontanellar ultrasonography associated with Doppler fluxometry and confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance angiography in correlation with clinical findings and neurological progression. RESULTS: Ultrasonography presented normal results in 75 percent of cases and magnetic resonance imaging in 100 percent. Doppler fluxometry and magnetic resonance angiography were abnormal in 100 percent of cases. Hypoxia (100 percent) and early seizures (100 percent) were predominant among clinical findings with evoked potential changes in 50 percent of cases. In the assessment of the neurodevelopment all the areas remained within normality parameters up to the conclusion of the present study. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography in association with Doppler can identify changes related to cerebral venous thrombosis and should be complemented with magnetic resonance imaging that is the gold standard for diagnosis in these cases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant, Newborn , Hypoxia/congenital , Neurology , Sepsis/congenital , Intracranial Thrombosis/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Ultrasonography, Doppler/methods
14.
Radiol. bras ; 42(6): 403-405, nov.-dez. 2009. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-536421

ABSTRACT

Estudo retrospectivo de dois casos de hemorragia craniana de localização atípica em 777 recém-natos internados na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal da Casa de Saúde São José, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Foram avaliados os aspectos clínicos e o diagnóstico por métodos de imagem. Verificamos que a ultrassonografia foi diagnóstica nos dois casos quando comparada com a ressonância magnética. Em relação à etiologia, esta foi multifatorial, e a manifestação clínica silenciosa independente da localização. Até o presente momento, a avaliação neurológica tem tido curso satisfatório, embora os pacientes ainda tenham baixa idade para a avaliação neurológica definitiva.


Retrospective study of two cases of atypically localized cerebral hemorrhage among 777 newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Casa de Saúde São José, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Clinical findings and imaging diagnoses were evaluated. The diagnostic effectiveness of ultrasonography was established by correlation with magnetic resonance imaging findings. Multifactorial etiology was observed, besides silent clinical presentation independently from localization. So far the neurological evaluation has satisfactorily progressed although the patients are still too young to allow a definite neurological evaluation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Cerebrovascular Disorders , Cerebrum/abnormalities , Cerebral Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Cerebral Hemorrhage/etiology , Intracranial Hemorrhages , Intracranial Hemorrhages , Brazil , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Retrospective Studies
16.
Pulmäo RJ ; 18(3): 155-157, 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-607379

ABSTRACT

A coqueluche é uma doença infecciosa aguda e transmissível, causada pela Bordetella pertussis. Os autores relatam um caso fatal de coqueluche em um lactente.


Pertussis is an acute infectious disease and transmissible caused by Bordetella pertussis. The authors report a fatal case of pertussis in an infant.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Bordetella pertussis , Communicable Diseases , Whooping Cough , Lung Diseases , Respiratory Tract Infections
17.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 65(4b): 1206-1210, dez. 2007. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-477772

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a relação do índice de resistência (IR) obtido pela ultra-sonografia Doppler transfontanela com o neurodesenvolvimento até um ano de idade, em recém-nascidos (RN) a termo com encefalopatia hipóxica-isquêmica (EHI) leve a moderada, secundária à asfixia intra-parto. MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo em 20 RN com EHI leve a moderada, IR elevado no primeiro exame de Doppler, e sem doenças associadas ou anormalidades morfológicas cerebrais. Foram realizados exames seriados bimensais de Doppler transfontanela a partir do sétimo dia de vida, e avaliações clínicas mensais do neurodesenvolvimento no primeiro ano de vida. RESULTADOS: Houve normalização progressiva dos valores de IR até o último exame realizado. Cinco pacientes apresentaram normalização clínico-neurológica no período neonatal, após o primeiro exame de Doppler. Quinze lactentes apresentaram alterações neurológicas com resolução a partir do segundo trimestre de vida. CONCLUSÃO: Houve relação entre os períodos em que ocorreu a normalização dos valores de IR e a melhora clínica-neurológica.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relation between the resistance index (RI) obtained by transfontanellar Doppler ultrasonography, and the neurodevelopment until one year of life, at term newborns with mild or moderate hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy due to intrapartum asphyxia. METHOD: 20 term newborns, with mild or moderate hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, high values of resistance index in the first exam, and without cerebral morfologic abnormalities or other diseases. They were submitted to serial bimonthly transfontanellar Doppler ultrasonography, from the seventh day of life on, and monthly clinical neurodevelopment assessment until one year of life. RESULTS: There was a progressive normalization of RI values until the last examination. In five cases there were clinical neurologic normalization in the neonatal period after the first Doppler exam. Fifteen infants presented neurologic abnormalities, with normalization after the second trimester of life. CONCLUSION: There was a relation between the normal RI values with the normalization of the clinical assessment.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Asphyxia Neonatorum/complications , Cerebral Arteries , Child Development/physiology , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain , Vascular Resistance/physiology , Apgar Score , Cerebral Arteries/physiopathology , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/etiology , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/physiopathology , Severity of Illness Index , Ultrasonography, Doppler/methods
18.
Radiol. bras ; 40(5): 337-340, set.-out. 2007. ilus, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-467770

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Descrever repercussões da ração suplementada com óleo de soja ou óleo de canola, por meio da tomografia computadorizada, na distribuição do tecido adiposo abdominal, após desmame de ratos desnutridos durante a lactação. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Ratas lactantes submetidas a restrição alimentar (RA) em 50 por cento, de acordo com o consumo das lactantes controles (C). Após o desmame, filhotes desnutridos receberam ração contendo 19 por cento de óleo de soja (RA-soja 19 por cento) ou óleo de canola (RA-canola 19 por cento). Os filhotes do grupo controle receberam ração contendo 7 por cento de óleo de soja (C-soja 7 por cento). Aos 60 dias de idade, foram realizadas medidas corporais e das áreas de tecido adiposo abdominal por meio de tomografia computadorizada. Após sacrifício, tecido adiposo abdominal foi excisado e pesado. Os dados foram expressos como média ± erro-padrão da média, considerando o nível de significância de p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Os grupos RA 19 por cento desenvolveram similares comprimento, massa corporal e depósito de tecido adiposo visceral. Todas as avaliações realizadas foram significantemente menores em relação ao grupo C-soja 7 por cento. Entretanto, na tomografia computadorizada, os grupos RA-soja 19 por cento e RA-canola 19 por cento apresentaram diferenças significativas da distribuição do tecido adiposo abdominal. CONCLUSÃO: A tomografia computadorizada mostrou que a distribuição de tecido adiposo, na cavidade abdominal, pode ser dependente do tipo de óleo vegetal na dieta.


OBJECTIVE: To study, by means of computed tomography, the repercussion of post-weaning dietary supplementation with soy oil or canola oil on the abdominal fat distribution in previously undernourished rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dams submitted to 50 percent food restriction (FR) compared with dams receiving a standard diet (C). After weaning, undernourished rats received a diet supplemented with 19 percent soy oil (19 percent FR-soy) or 19 percent canola oil (19 percent FR-canola). Rats in the control group received a diet with 7 percent soy oil (7 percent C-soy) until the end of the experimental period. At the age of 60 days old, the rats were submitted to computed tomography for evaluation of total abdominal and visceral fat area. The rats' length and body mass were evaluated and, after their sacrifice, the abdominal fat depots were excised weighted. The data are reported as mean ± mean standard error, with p < 0.05 considered as significance level. RESULTS: Rats in the group 19 percent FR presented similar length, body weight and visceral fat mass. As a whole, the evaluations have shower results significantly lower in relation to the control group (7 percent C-soy). However, computed tomography has found significant differences in abdominal fat distribution for the groups 19 percent FR-soy and 19 percent FR-canola. CONCLUSION: Computed tomography has demonstrated that the abdominal fat distribution may be dependent on the type of vegetable oil included in the diet.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Abdominal Fat , Abdominal Fat/physiology , Abdominal Fat , Malnutrition , Plant Oils , Rats, Wistar , Soybean Oil , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Adipose Tissue/metabolism
19.
Radiol. bras ; 40(5): 341-344, set.-out. 2007.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-467771

ABSTRACT

A telemedicina é definida como a troca de informações utilizando tecnologia de informação e de comunicação em saúde e a distância. Entre as diversas modalidades da telemedicina incluem-se as videoconferências, que permitem a integração em tempo real, recebendo e enviando áudio e vídeo de alta qualidade entre pontos distantes geograficamente. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever, de maneira simplificada, os sistemas de videoconferências, destacando-se suas aplicações no contexto da telemedicina. Para a realização de videoconferências são necessários equipamentos que façam captura e reprodução de áudio e vídeo, e que tenham possibilidade de conexão com equipamentos similares, como microcomputadores e equipamentos dedicados. Os tipos de conexão para uma videoconferência são: via ISDN (integrated services digital network) ou via IP (internet protocol). A qualidade do áudio e do vídeo e a velocidade são críticas para o sucesso da videoconferência. Experiências internacionais na utilização de equipamentos de videoconferência, inclusive na radiologia e diagnóstico por imagem, já são uma realidade. No Brasil, relatos mostram iniciativas isoladas de telemedicina, em sua maioria incluindo redes universitárias. A videoconferência representa uma excelente ferramenta para a capacitação e atualização do profissional médico, além de proporcionar grande impacto nos custos do atendimento à população.


Telemedicine refers to the delivery of health care services over a distance. Videoconference is one of the different modalities of telemedicine, allowing real-time interaction. The present study is aimed at describing videoconference systems in a simplified way, focusing on their application in telemedicine. Videoconference involves the necessity of equipment for audio and video capture and reproduction, besides a communication link for connection with similar equipment through ISDN (integrated services digital network) or IP (internet protocol). Video and audio quality is essential for the success of a videoconference. Experiments using videoconferencing equipment in radiology and other fields of medicine are a reality at international level. In Brazil, reports account for some isolated initiatives in this field, most of them involving universities networks. Besides its remarkable impact on costs of medical care delivery for the population, videoconference represents an invaluable tool for physicians in their education and knowledge updating.


Subject(s)
Education, Distance , Telemedicine , Videoconferencing , Videoconferencing/instrumentation , Brazil , Education, Distance/trends , Videoconferencing/trends
20.
Radiol. bras ; 40(2): 87-92, mar.-abr. 2007. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-455942

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Descrever os achados gerais do linfoma em pacientes abaixo de 20 anos de idade e por subtipo histológico. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo do arquivo digital de tomografia computadorizada do Centro de Controle do Câncer do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, no período de março de 2003 a julho de 2005. Dos 22 casos - 16 do sexo masculino e 6 do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 11,5 anos -, 12 eram do subtipo Hodgkin e 10 eram não-Hodgkin. RESULTADOS: Dos achados gerais, verificamos as linfonodomegalias mediastinais como o mais freqüente (59 por cento), com predomínio no grupo Hodgkin (75 por cento), seguido por hepatoesplenomegalia (50 por cento) e linfonodomegalias cervicais e retroperitoneais (27,3 por cento). No subtipo Hodgkin houve predomínio do acometimento linfonodal, em sucessivas cadeias, seguido pela hepatoesplenomegalia (50 por cento). Verificamos um caso de massa tonsilar unilateral, opacidade pulmonar em "vidro-fosco" e nódulos renais. No subtipo não-Hodgkin houve predomínio extranodal caracterizado por hepatoesplenomegalia (50 por cento), espessamento de alça intestinal (40 por cento), derrame pleural (30 por cento), nódulo pulmonar (20 por cento), ascite (10 por cento), derrame pericárdico (10 por cento) e lesões ósseas mistas (10 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: A tomografia computadorizada é de grande valia no diagnóstico, estadiamento e seguimento do linfoma, com achados de alerta como massa linfonodal, notadamente mediastinal, hepatoesplenomegalia, massa unilateral na tonsila e espessamento parietal de alça intestinal.


OBJECTIVE: To describe the general findings of lymphoma and their histological patterns in patients less than 20 years old. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two cases (16 male and 6 female, mean age 11.5 years) from the digital archive of computed tomography at the Cancer Control Center of "Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro", Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, were retrospectively analyzed in the period between March 2003 and July 2005. Of these 22 cases, 12 were Hodgkin's and 10 were non-Hodgkin's. RESULTS: Overall, mediastinal lymphadenomegaly was the most frequent finding (59 percent), with predominance in the Hodgkin's subgroup (75 percent), followed by hepatosplenomegaly (50 percent) and cervical and retroperitoneal lymphadenomegaly (27.3 percent). The Hodgkin's subgroup presented a prevalence of lymphadenopathy, in many lymph node chains, followed by hepatosplenomegaly (50 percent). One case was found with unilateral tonsillar mass, pulmonary ground-glass opacities, and renal nodules. In the non-Hodgkin's subgroup, the disease was predominantly extranodal, characterized by hepatosplenomegaly (50 percent), thickening of the intestinal wall (40 percent), pleural effusion (30 percent), pulmonary nodule (20 percent), ascites (10 percent), pericardial effusion (10 percent) and mixed bone lesions (10 percent). CONCLUSION: Computed tomography is an extremely useful method for detection, staging and follow-up of lymphomas, with alert findings like mediastinal lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, unilateral tonsillar mass and thickening of intestinal wall.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Lymphoma, B-Cell , Lymphoma, T-Cell/diagnosis , Lymphoma/diagnosis , Lymphatic System/pathology , Brazil , Lymphoma/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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